Means for justifying tabular matter in typographical composing-machines.



J. G. HOLBQURNS & H. A. LONGHURST.

' MEANS FOR JUSTIPYING TABUILAR MATTER IN TYPOGRAPHICAL GOMPOSING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED 11011.19, 1907.

Patented Sept. 14. 1909.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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%auzzy \ssmAKM J. 'G. HOLBOURNS & H. A. LONGHURST. MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TABULAB MATTER IN TYPOGRAPHICAL GOMPOSING MACHINES. APPLICATION I'IILED NOV. 19, 1907.

934,403; Patented Sept. 14. 1909.

5 SHEETS-.SHEET 2.

J. .G. HOLBOURNS H. A. LONGHURST. MEANS FOR JUSTIPYING TABULAR MATTER IN TYPOGBAPHIGAL GOMPOSI NG MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 19, 1907.

Patente d Sept. 14. 1909.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. HOLBOURNS & H. A. LONGHURST. MEANS FOR JUSTIIYING TABULAR MATTER IN TYPOGRAPHICAL GOMPOSIHG MACHINES. I

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 19,1907.

Patented Sept. 1%.1969,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

jsxah J Z 1 m f U & M f M m i m w W a r 6 O 9% w "J v J. G. EOLBOURNS & H. A. LONGHURST. MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TABULAR MATTER IN TYPOGRAPHICAL GOMPOSING MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 19, 1907.

934,403. Patented Sept. 14.1909.

i I L R UNITED sTA Es PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN GLENNIE HOLIBOURNS AND HENRY ALEXANDER LONG-HURST, F LONITDN,

. ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO LINOTYPE AND MACHINERY LIMITED, OF LONDON,"

-ENGLAND, A COMPANY.

MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING TABULAR MATTER IN TYPOGRAPHICAL COMPOSING- i MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept, 14, 1969,

Original application filed July 15, 1907, Serial No 383,755. Divided and this application filed November I 19, 1907. Serial No. 402,852.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, J OHN GLENNIE HOL- BOURNS and HENRY ALEXANDER LONGHURST,

subjects of the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain .and Ireland, and residing at 188 Fleet street, in the city of London, England, have invented a new and useful Improved Means for Justifying Tabular Matter in T ypographical Composing-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

*abularmatter is, as far as the present invention touches it,'characterized by the fact that each line of it'consists of short lengths, technically known as measures, arranged in parallel columns, all the measures in each column registering at both ends with-each other in a vertical sense.

The justification' of an ordinary line in a linotype" machine, consists in thickening each of the space bars in the line, and this thickening makes all the elements of the line, whether space bars or matrices, move movement of the ele1nents-matrices or matmore or less tothe right or to the left. Consequently, it is impossible to tell when a matrix of any intermediate word has been assembled, at what distance it will stand from either end ot'the justified line.

Tabular matter requires a system of justification which will confine the justification rices and space barsof each measure, to within the length, as well as to within the position, of that measure, otherwise the tion, are retractable from their operative positions but not removable from the'as-' sembler. This assembler consists essentially of a pair' ofv horizontal and parallel bars,

above mentioned registration in a vertical sense would not be secured.

capable of being positioned in front of measure and the other one after it, speaking and the line is assembled between them. It

is known as the assembler box, the assembler;

fixed Both abutments are adjustable'ii position in the assembler. One of the in terms of the direction of assemblage. The well known yielding resistant which is pushed along the assembler by the-first mathe Y trix. in the line as the latter lengthens, may

be-used as one of these abutments. Both are held in orto the assembler at adistance apart equal to the length of the measure to be justified or to that length plus that of the measure or measures already justified. The unjustified measure is justified manually by inserting quads and the abutment or both of" them withdrawn from the assembler. This is repeated for each measure in the line. \Vhen the last measure has been dealt with and the last abutment withdrawn, the operator has a line of measureseach justified within its own length and position, and, therefore, a justified linel The accompanying drawings form part of. this-specification and are to'be read therewith.

Figure 1 is a front elevation showing one modification ofthe invention and its use in the assembler elevator of a two letter Men genthaler linotype machine of the commer-' cial pattern; Fig.2, a horizontal section on the line ofFig. 1; Fig. 3, arear elevation and l, a side elevation of a retractable abutnieiit; Fig. 5, a detail front elc'va tion and Fig. 6, a transverse section, illushating the use of retractable abutments; Fi 7, a front elevation andFig. 8', a sec-tion on the line 1010 of Fig. 7, showing the use of a further modification of the invention in the assembler elevator of a single letter Mergenthaler linotype machineof the commerinvention on the same machine, the measurebeing partly assembled; Fig. 10, a front elevation showing the same measure justified; Fig. '11, a plan of the retractable abutment and its actuatin lever, of Figs. 9 and 10 and. Fig. 12, a ront elevation showing the at a further modification ofthe inventioxii'likewise on the same machine.

-' 1 is the assembler elevator; 2, 3, the pair of horizontal parallel bars above mentioned; 4:, the assembler slide bar capable of motion lengthwise in both directions; 5, the yielding resistant above mentioned, fastto the slide 4. hen the operator begins to compose, the resistant 5 is up to the assembler wheel 6 with its'right hand face flush with the entrance of the assembler elevator 1. pass the wheel 6, one by one, the rotation of the latter drives them into the said elevator through its entrance, after which they move horizontally between the bars 2,3, the first matrix pushing the resistant 5 before it. So

.far, each part and motion just mentioned are as heretofore. v

The present invention applies a scale of printers units to both the front and rear bars ofthe assembler, thetwo scales registering with each other. The front one, i. 6., the one next to the operatoin'is so positioned with reference to the line being assembled, that it shall be legible to him, and the first matrix in the line, cooperates with it in the same way as a moving index'with its scale. Each pair of units'0ne on'each scale-is of such a form that the abutments-being retractable from their transverse operative positions in the assembler as distinguished from the yielding resistant which moves lengthwise of the assembler and within it.can be temporarily held rigidly thereto in their re-.

bined with this rack 8, another one in the top edge ofthe said slot, with its teeth and notches 10' respectively opposite those of the rack 8Figs. 7 and 8. jThe'scale on the rear bar 3 consists conveniently of a row of holes 11, each hole opposite the respective notch 10. The scale on the front bar 2 is shown as numbered from the entrance mouth as O, or'from a point as near to it as possible. For instance, the assembler box of a Mergenthaler machine has, near each end, a vertical screw (shown in dotted lines in Figs. 7 and '8) and these screws prevent the scales extending close up to the ends. But if these screws are dispensed with, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, 9, 10 and 12, the scales can be continued up to both ends, the 0 coinciding with the entrance.

T enable the construction of retractable non-.

it is well to first of all refer to'the detachable elements 12, Figs. 1- and 2 which arethe subject of the said pending application, for,

As the matrices7 e tachable abutment, the subject of thepr'eseiit invention, to be readily understood,-

. abutments of the present invention are constructed and operate or function similarly to the detachable abutments 12. Each detachable abutment is a short bar 12. A convenient thickness is half a unit, the notches 10 having a corresponding width. The teeth of the rack 8 areiof the same width as the notches, so that the joint width of a tooth and a notch is equal to one unit; The rear end of an abutment 12" has a pin13 to engage in a hole 11, allthe pins being of the same size and shape and all the holes 11 of a corresponding size and shape. An abut-, ment 12 is long enough -to project beyond the front bar 2 whenits pin 13 is in a hole 11, far enough to be easily taken hold of, the front end preferably terminating in a hook 14 to facilitate its insertion in andwithdrawa-l from the assembler. Theresi'stant 5 has heretofore been of any thickness suitable for its purpose as such. In connection with the present invention it is desirable that this thickness he one unit, forthen the operator can by inserting the left hand abutment at one unit to the left of the length of the measure, counting from zero, make the said abutment stop the resistant at the moment when the respective measure .is assembled. Thus, referring to Fig. 1, the 'justified length of the first measure being 12!; units the left hand abutment is inserted in the notch, or left half,'of the 14th unit, thereby setting off a distance of 13.; units between it and 0. A detachable abutment 12 is inserted in the assembler by being pushed rearward through the proper notch 10 until its pin 13 is engaged in the corresponding hole 11. \Viththe left hand abutment, half ,a unit thick and the resistant 5, one unit thick,

the distance set off between the latter and the right hand abutment, is always frac: tional, the fraction being half a unit. To' provide for integral, distances being set ofl, either the resistant 5 is one unit and a half thick or the left hand abutment is thickened on its right hand side to one unit, so as to I be flush with the right hand side of the tooth standing to the right of it. when it is inserted in the assembler.

Two abut-ments are necessary for the justification of a measure by the present invention, and as only one measure-is justifi-ed at a time, .only two abutments are required for one assembler. But the yielding resistant 5 may be made to do duty as one of them, in

which case only one abutment 12 would be required; This use of the resistant 5 is. illustrated in Fig. 12 and specified farther .on. Apart from it, the smallest number of abutments is two.one for each end of a measure. v j 1 According to this invention the abutments are only retractable from between the bars 2 and 3 as distinguished from being'retractable and detachable from the assembler, al-

path of the matrices comparison of Fig. 6 with Fig. 8. The

though it is the same thing practically as far as the act of justifying a measure is concerned. But the substitution of retractabil-- ity, onlyfor retractability and detachability necessitates the provision of one abutment for each unit. I

A simple form of the present invention is illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6. According tothis construction, each abutment 15 has adove= tailed bottom edge 16, and a stop 17 at the rear end of the said edge to engage with the rear face of the front bar 2 when the abutment is retracted, the said face having a'recess 18 wide enough from rear to front to not only receive the stops 1? but to also allow of the pins 13 being withdrawn out of the 7, as will appear from ches in the bar 2 are dovetailed to corrend with the dovetailed edges16 ofthe abutments 15.

T According to the modification illustratedin Figs. 7 and 8, each retractable abutment 19 is rectangular in cross section. and has its front end loosely connected to the top of a lever 20 fulcrumed upon a rod 21 carried by brackets 22, 22, fast on the assembler elevator 1 and projecting to the front. 'The connection between lever top and abutment end is of any suitable kind that will allow of the rocking of a lever 20 on its fulcrum, inserting and retracting the respective abutment 19. The one illustrated consists of a notch 22 in the lever top, embracing a stud 23 projecting laterally from the thinned front end 2 1 of the abutment. 25 is a thumb bit on the bottom end of each lever 20 by which the operator can insert or retract the respective abutmentlt). The levers 20 are those of the two inserted abutments. Acording to the modification illustrated in Figs. 9 to 11, the left .hand abutment is a detachable one 12, while the right hand one 26. is vertical instead of horizontal and works in the planeof the 0 of the two scales.

Further, it is retractablefrom its justifying position instead of being detachable from theassembler. It is inserted and retracted by a finger lever 27 fulcrumed on the machine frame at 28. The abutment 26 is guidedby a dovetail 29 fast on its side and which slides in a correspondingly slotted and independently supported piece 30. 31

is a lug projecting from the dovetail 29 and loosely connected with the cooperating end of the lever 27. This connection is of any suitable kind. It is shown as consisting of a notched fork on the lever end, embracing a pin 32 projecting from each side of the lug 31. 33 is a thumb bit on the opposite -end of the lever by which the operator can conveniently 'rock it to insert and retract the abutment 26.

All the modifications above described are inserted in the 0 position, the excess of oneunit .over the length of the measure, being the one unitthickness of the resistant He then assembles the matrices 7 of the measure and inserts a detachable abutment 12 or a retractable one 15 or 19 orthe retractable one 26, in the 0 notch, and justifies the measure by inserting quads until the entire distance between the two abutments is filled. Both abutments are then withdrawn. One isinserted farther along the scale to the left according to the length of the second measure, and the assembling of this and its justification proceeded with in exactly the same way as described for the first measure. WVhen the last measure in the line has been justified and the abutments withdrawn, the

operator has the justified lin'e' already de-- scribed. The'quads above mentioned. are non-expanding. Expanding spacers such as the Mergenthaler double wedge space bar may be used with the presentinvention to justify a single measure, but only one measure in a line can be so justified, andit must always be the same measure throughout the job that has a space bar inserted in it.i Thus, if the operator inserts a space bar in the third measure in the first line, he must restrict the insertion of space bars to the third measure in all the succeeding lines of thejob. If he does not. he will upsetthe register of the measures of one line with the measures of the other lines.- He may, if he chooses to, leave room between any two measures for one or more space bars of the kind just mentioned, but only between one pair of adjacent measures in each line. and all such space bars m'ust'be in a like position in all the lines of the job. or the above mentioned register will be upsetl usual way.

The modification illustrated in Finn-12 is characterized by the use of the resistant.

as the left hand abutment and a detachable the first and succeeding measures excepting the last one. With this modification, the operator assembles the matrices of a line in the assembler, leaving room for the insertion of the abutment 12, and pushes the resistant 5 to the limit'of its travel to the left, in whichposition-the block 34 on the These space. bars are justified by themachine in the abutment 12 for the right hand abutment of right hand end of the slide 4 will be up to ",fiother: an aluitment operatively connected to the independentlv supported and fixed stop 3-5. He next inserts the abutment- 12 in the proper notch on the righthand of the first measure. counting the units of the latter from the left hand end of the scale. and justifies that measure in the way already described between the resistant 5 and the abutment 12Mand after pushing the matrices of the second measure u 9 to the now justified first one. inserts the a utmcnt 12 in the proper notch on the right hand of the second measure. counting the units of its length from the right hand end: of the first measure, and jastifies this second measure likewise in the way already described. T he last measure receives one or more space bands which are justified by the machine in the usual way.

It is obvious that the abutments 15.1night have been shown in Fig. 12 in place of abutments l2, and that abutments 15 might have been read throughout this paragraph in place ot abutments 12 without departmgfrom this invention.

It is to benoted that the )resent application for patent does not claim abutments which are detachable bodily from the assembler .as distinguished from those-that are connected permanently to the assembler and are also retractable from their operative positions therein, for we have made such excluded abutments the subject of a separate application N. 383755 filed July 15th 1907.

We claim,

1. The combination in a typographical composing machine of two parallel bars cons'tituting the assembler thereof; an abutment nwvable across the space between said bars..

n cans on said bars adapted to operatively and temporarily support said abutment transversely of said assembler at a selected point; and arresting means on said abutment cooperative with said assembler in the retracted position of said abut-intuit.

2. The combinatitm in a typographical composing machine. of two parallel bars constituting the assembler thereof, a scale on.

each bar,1thc two scales registering with each '1 the assembler at each end of a measure as- I scmbled therein one of them retractable from its operative position-in the assembler; and

arresting means on the last named abutment notches, a plurality of retractable abutments insertible into said notches at given points;

means on said abutments for engaging said He then withdraws thje abutment holes at said given points in the operative position of said abutments; and arresting means on said abutments cooperative with said assembler in the retracted position of said abutments.

at. The combination in a typographical composing machine of two parallel bars constituting the assembler thereof, a row of notches in one bar constituting a scale of printers units; a row of holes in the opposite bar registering with the row of notches and constituting a'second scale of printers units; a 1 lu'alit v of retractable abutments insertible into said notches at given points; means on said abutments for'engaging said holes at said given points in the operative position of said abutments; and arresting means on said abutments cooperative with said assembler in the retracted position of said abutments.

o. The combination in a typographical composingmachine, of two parallel bars con- 'stitut-ing the assemblerthereof; a row of notches in one barconstituting a scale of printers units; a row of holes in the opposite bar registering with the row of notches and constituting a second scale of printers units; a plurality of retractable abutments insertible into said notches at given points; means, 011 said abutments for engaging said holes at said given points in the operative position of said abutments; arresting means on said abutments cooperative with said assembler in the retracted position of said abutments; and means for moving said abutments into and for retracting them from said operative position.

6. The combination in 'a typographicalsembler in the retracted position of said abutments. r

' 7'. The combination in a typographical composing machine. of two parallel bars constituting the assembler thereof; a scale of printers units oneach bar said scales being adapted to engage with. and operatively and temporarily support abutments transversely of the assembler, two retractable abutments adapted to be engaged with any two pairs of units in. the said scales; and arresting means on saidabutments cooperative with said assembler in the retracted position of "said abutments.

8. The combination in a typographical composing machine. of two parallel bars constitut-ing the assembler thereof; a scale of printers umts on each bar adapted to operatively and temporarily engage with and sembler; a retractable abutment adapted to be engaged and. supported by 'any pair of ment.

units in said scales; and arrestingmeans on said abutment cooperative w th said assembler 1n the retracted position of sald abut- 9. The combination in a typographical composing machine, of two parallel bars constituting the assembler thereof; a scale of printers units on each bar adapted to operatively and temporarily engage with and support abutments transversely of the assembler; one abutmentadapted to be so engaged and supported by any pair of units in the said scales above a retractable abut mentadapted to be so engaged vand sup- .ported by the 0 pair of units; and arresting means on the first named abutment cooperative with the assembler 1n the retracted posit-ion of sald abutment.

10.; Thecombination in a typographical composing machine, of two parallel bars constituting the assembler thereof; a scale of printers units on each bar adapted to operatively and temporarily engage with and support abutments transversely of the assembler; one abutment adapted to be so engaged and supported by any pair of units in the said scales above 0; a retract-able abutment adapted.. to be so engaged and supported by the 0 pair of units; arresting means on the last named abutment cooperativc with the assembler in the retracted position of said abutment; and means operatively connected with the last named abutment for moving said abutment-to and retracting it from-its operative position.

In witness whereof We havehereunto set our hands in the presence of two witnesses;

JOHN GLENUIE HOLBOURNS. HENRY ALEXANDER -LONGHURST \Vitnesses VARWIQK HY. WILLIAMS, .THoMAs J. BLAKER. 

